Heredity and Evolution Practice Questions
Class 10 · Science · 3169 free MCQs with instant results and detailed explanations.
3169
Total
1006
Easy
1562
Medium
601
Hard
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Topics in Heredity and Evolution
Evolution and Classification
1184
Mendel's Laws
957
Sex Determination
1028
Sample Questions from Heredity and Evolution
Here are 10 sample questions. Start a quiz to get randomized questions with scoring.
Q1
Easy
What is the primary focus of Mendel's experiments with pea plants?
A.
Color of flowers
B.
Height of plants
C.
Seed shape
D.
Inheritance patterns
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: D
Mendel aimed to understand how traits are passed from one generation to the next, focusing on inheritance patterns.
Q2
Easy
According to Mendel's law of segregation, what happens during gamete formation?
A.
Alleles combine
B.
Alleles separate
C.
Genes mutate
D.
Chromosomes duplicate
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Mendel's law of segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, leading to only one allele being passed on.
Q3
Easy
In Mendel's experiments, the F1 generation of a cross between a tall plant and a short plant is primarily characterized by which trait?
A.
Shortness
B.
Tallness
C.
Medium height
D.
Variation in height
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The F1 generation exhibited the dominant trait, which in this case was tallness.
Q4
Medium
What does Mendel's law of segregation state?
A.
Alleles segregate during the formation of gametes.
B.
The dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele.
C.
Traits are inherited independently of one another.
D.
All offspring will exhibit the dominant trait.
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Mendel's law of segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
Q5
Medium
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Tt), what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
A.
1:2:1
B.
3:1
C.
1:1
D.
2:1
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous plants Tt is 3 dominant (T) to 1 recessive (t), resulting in a 3:1 ratio.
Q6
Medium
According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, which of these traits will segregate independently?
A.
Color and shape of seeds
B.
Height and color of flowers
C.
Seed color and seed shape
D.
All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: D
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits assort independently during gamete formation, thus all specified traits segregate independently.
Q7
Medium
If the trait for purple flowers (P) is dominant over white flowers (p), what is the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous purple flowered plants (Pp)?
A.
1 purple: 1 white
B.
3 purple: 1 white
C.
2 purple: 2 white
D.
1 purple: 2 white: 1 white
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The phenotypic ratio from a Pp x Pp cross results in 3 purple flowered plants to 1 white flowered plant, yielding a 3:1 ratio.
Q8
Hard
According to Mendel's first law of segregation, which of the following statements is true?
A.
Alleles for a trait blend in the offspring
B.
Each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
C.
Only dominant alleles are passed to offspring
D.
Alleles do not segregate during gamete formation
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Mendel's first law states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait segregate, resulting in gametes that carry only one allele.
Q9
Hard
Which of the following best describes the term 'allele'?
A.
A variant form of a gene
B.
A phenotype expression
C.
A type of chromosome
D.
An entire gene sequence
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
An allele is a variant form of a gene that may produce different traits in an organism.
Q10
Hard
In a plant species, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over white flowers (r). If two heterozygous red-flowered plants are crossed, what is the probability of obtaining a white-flowered plant?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
75%
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The offspring's genotypes from a Tt x Tt cross yield a 1:2:1 ratio, where 1 out of 4 will be homozygous recessive (rr), resulting in a 25% chance of white flowers.
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Heredity and Evolution — Class 10 Science Practice Questions Online
This page contains 3169 practice MCQs for the chapter Heredity and Evolution in Class 10 Science. The questions are organized by difficulty — 1006 easy, 1562 medium, 601 hard — so you can choose the right level for your preparation.
Every question includes a detailed explanation to help you understand the concept, not just memorize answers. Take a timed quiz to simulate exam conditions, or practice at your own pace with no time limit. This chapter covers 3 topics, giving you comprehensive coverage of the entire chapter.