Cell Biology Practice Questions
Thanaweya Amma (Egypt) · Thanaweya Biology · 133 free MCQs with instant results and detailed explanations.
133
Total
37
Easy
62
Medium
34
Hard
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Sample Questions from Cell Biology
Here are 10 sample questions. Start a quiz to get randomized questions with scoring.
Q1
Easy
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A.
To provide structural support to the cell
B.
To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
C.
To produce energy for the cell
D.
To store genetic information
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The cell membrane's primary function is to control what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
Q2
Easy
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A.
Ribosome
B.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
C.
Mitochondrion
D.
Lysosome
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Q3
Easy
If a cell has a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding solution, what type of solution is it in?
A.
Hypotonic solution
B.
Isotonic solution
C.
Hypertonic solution
D.
Aerobic solution
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
A cell in a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than its surroundings, which can lead to cell shrinkage as water moves out.
Q4
Medium
Which cell organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A.
Ribosome
B.
Mitochondrion
C.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
D.
Lysosome
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it generates ATP through cellular respiration, making it essential for energy production.
Q5
Medium
Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
A.
Diffusion
B.
Osmosis
C.
Facilitated diffusion
D.
Active transport
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Osmosis is specifically the process of water moving through a semi-permeable membrane, while diffusion refers to the movement of solutes, and active transport requires energy.
Q6
Medium
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A.
Lipid synthesis
B.
Protein synthesis
C.
Energy production
D.
Detoxification
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, which are sites for protein synthesis, making it crucial for creating proteins destined for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.
Q7
Medium
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
A.
Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Digestion
D.
Storage
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is vital for the survival of plants.
Q8
Hard
Which of the following cellular structures is primarily responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Ribosomes
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them for transport.
Q9
Hard
In a hypothetical experiment, a scientist isolates a cell type that lacks a nucleus. Which of the following cellular processes would this cell be most impaired in performing?
A.
Protein synthesis
B.
Cellular respiration
C.
DNA replication
D.
Photosynthesis
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Cells without a nucleus cannot perform DNA replication because the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material. This process is essential for cell division and function, making this cell type severely impaired in this regard.
Q10
Hard
Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
D.
Golgi apparatus
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are the site of ATP production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, whereas the other organelles have different functions.
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Cell Biology — Thanaweya Amma (Egypt) Thanaweya Biology Practice Questions Online
This page contains 133 practice MCQs for the chapter Cell Biology in Thanaweya Amma (Egypt) Thanaweya Biology. The questions are organized by difficulty — 37 easy, 62 medium, 34 hard — so you can choose the right level for your preparation.
Every question includes a detailed explanation to help you understand the concept, not just memorize answers. Take a timed quiz to simulate exam conditions, or practice at your own pace with no time limit.