Hạt nhân nguyên tử Practice Questions
THPT (Vietnam) · THPT Vật lý · 142 free MCQs with instant results and detailed explanations.
142
Total
40
Easy
75
Medium
27
Hard
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Sample Questions from Hạt nhân nguyên tử
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Q1
Easy
What is the primary component of an atomic nucleus?
A.
Electrons
B.
Neutrons
C.
Protons
D.
Photons
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The atomic nucleus is primarily made up of neutrons and protons. Among the options, neutrons are the key components that contribute to the mass and stability of the nucleus.
Q2
Easy
If an atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, what is its atomic mass number?
A.
12
B.
6
C.
18
D.
2
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The atomic mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In this case, 6 protons + 6 neutrons equals 12.
Q3
Easy
Which particle in the nucleus is responsible for the positive charge?
A.
Neutrons
B.
Electrons
C.
Protons
D.
Muons
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, which gives the nucleus its positive charge.
Q4
Medium
What is the process called when a nucleus emits an alpha particle?
A.
Alpha decay
B.
Beta decay
C.
Gamma decay
D.
Nuclear fission
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Alpha decay is the process in which an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, reducing its atomic number by 2.
Q5
Medium
Which of the following statements about nuclear fusion is true?
A.
It occurs at low temperatures.
B.
It releases energy when light nuclei combine.
C.
It is the process used in atomic bombs.
D.
It involves the splitting of heavy nuclei.
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Nuclear fusion occurs when light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a significant amount of energy in the process.
Q6
Medium
Which type of radiation can penetrate the deepest into the materials?
A.
Alpha radiation
B.
Beta radiation
C.
Gamma radiation
D.
Neutron radiation
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Correct Answer: C
Gamma radiation has the highest penetration power among the types of radiation because it consists of high-energy photons, which can easily pass through materials.
Q7
Medium
In a nuclear reactor, what is the purpose of control rods?
A.
To initiate the nuclear reaction
B.
To absorb neutrons and regulate the fission process
C.
To increase the temperature of the reactor
D.
To produce electricity directly
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Control rods are made of materials that absorb neutrons, helping to regulate the fission process and maintain a stable nuclear reaction.
Q8
Hard
An alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons) collides with a nitrogen-14 nucleus. What element will be produced after the collision if the nitrogen nucleus captures the alpha particle?
A.
Carbon-12
B.
Oxygen-16
C.
Beryllium-10
D.
Oxygen-18
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: D
When an alpha particle is captured by a nitrogen-14 nucleus (which has 7 protons), it effectively adds 2 protons and 2 neutrons, leading to a new element with 8 protons and 18 nucleons. This corresponds to oxygen-18, making option D correct.
Q9
Hard
A neutron star has a density of approximately 4 x 10^17 kg/m^3. If a neutron star's radius is about 10 km, calculate its mass. Which of the following is closest to the mass of the neutron star?
A.
1.3 x 10^30 kg
B.
5.3 x 10^27 kg
C.
2.5 x 10^31 kg
D.
3.5 x 10^29 kg
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The mass can be calculated using the formula: mass = density × volume. The volume of a sphere is given by (4/3)πr^3. Substituting the density and radius yields approximately 1.3 x 10^30 kg.
Q10
Hard
An alpha particle is emitted from a radioactive nucleus. If the original nucleus had a mass number of 238 and the alpha particle has a mass number of 4, what is the mass number of the resulting nucleus after the emission?
A.
234
B.
238
C.
240
D.
236
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
When an alpha particle (mass number 4) is emitted, the mass number of the original nucleus decreases by 4, leading to a new mass number of 238 - 4 = 234.
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Hạt nhân nguyên tử — THPT (Vietnam) THPT Vật lý Practice Questions Online
This page contains 142 practice MCQs for the chapter Hạt nhân nguyên tử in THPT (Vietnam) THPT Vật lý. The questions are organized by difficulty — 40 easy, 75 medium, 27 hard — so you can choose the right level for your preparation.
Every question includes a detailed explanation to help you understand the concept, not just memorize answers. Take a timed quiz to simulate exam conditions, or practice at your own pace with no time limit.